Q1.(a) What was agreed at the Yalta Conference of February 1945? [5]


(b) Why did the USA introduce the Marshall Plan? [7]

(c) How far was the Cold War caused by Truman’s hostility towards the Soviet Union? Explain

your answer. [8] (Nov’08)

Q2.Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow. . (in blog 2009-11)


I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support people who are

resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by any outside pressures.

I believe that we must help free peoples to work out their own destiny in their own

way.

President Truman of the USA speaking in March 1947.

He was introducing what became known as the ‘Truman Doctrine’.

(a) What was the ‘Cold War’? [5]

(b) Why did tension between the Soviet Union and the West increase after the Potsdam

Conference? [7]

(c) ‘The main reason for the escalation of the Cold War in the years 1947– 49 was the Berlin

Blockade.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [8] (Nov’07)

Q3.Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.


We fight this war because we must fight if we are to live in a world where every

country can decide its own future. And only in such a world will a future be safe. We

are in Vietnam because we have a promise to keep. Since 1945 every American

president has offered support to the people of South Vietnam. Over many years we

have made a national pledge to help South Vietnam defend its independence.

US President Johnson speaking in 1963.



(a) What did the Geneva Agreements of 1954 decide about the future of Vietnam? [5]

(b) Why did Johnson increase American involvement in Vietnam? [7]

(c) How successful was American foreign policy towards Cuba and Vietnam? Explain your

answer. [8] (June’08)

Q4.Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.


You are worried over Cuba. You say that it worries you because it lies ninety miles

across the sea from the shores of the United States. However, Turkey lies next to us.

You have stationed devastating rocket weapons in Turkey, literally right next to us.

This is why I make this proposal: We agree to remove the weapons from Cuba and

that the United States, on its part, will remove its similar weapons from Turkey. . . (in blog 2009-11)

From Khrushchev’s letter of 27 October 1962.

(a) Describe the response of the USA to Castro’s takeover of Cuba. [5]

(b) Why was the Bay of Pigs invasion a failure for the USA? [7]

(c) ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis was never a threat to world peace.’ How far do you agree with this

statement? Explain your answer. [8] (Jun’07)

Q5.(a) What was agreed at the Potsdam Conference? [5]


(b) Why was there continuing tension over Berlin in the years 1945-1949? [7]

(c) ‘It was Truman not Stalin who brought about the Cold War.’ How far do you agree with this

statement? Explain your answer. [8] (June’06)


Q6.
Study the extract, and then answer the questions which follow.


We must fight this war if we are to live in a world where every country can shape its own future.

We are in Vietnam because we have a promise to keep. Over the years we have made a national pledge to help South Vietnam defend its independence.

President Johnson speaking to the American people in 1965.



(a) Who were the Vietcong? [5]

(b) Why did the USA get involved in the war in Vietnam? [7]

(c) How far can the American withdrawal from Vietnam be blamed on military failure? Explain

your answer. [8] (Nov’05)